Heirisson Happenings?

Meeting 10 October
Club Speaker Ken Mullin
"The Internet"

 
Ken Mullin pictured
file photo edited by Editor, Ross Jones
 

The open-ness was the key thing – any computer (including personal computers and later mobile phones) could easily join the network.

The later work on internetworking emphasized robustness and survivability, including the capability to withstand losses of large portions of the underlying networks in the event of nuclear attack.

TCP (transmission control protocol) played a major role in forming the basis of open-architecture networking, which would allow computers and networks all over the world to communicate with each other, regardless of what hardware or software the computers on each network used.

TCP was designed to have the following features:

Small sub-sections of the whole network would be able to talk to each other through a specialized computer that only forwarded packets.

No portion of the network would be the single point of failure, or would be able to control the whole network.

Each piece of information sent through the network would be given a sequence number, to ensure that they were dealt with in the right order at the destination computer, and to detect the loss of any of them.

A computer which sent information to another computer would know that it was successfully received when the destination computer sent back a special packet, called an acknowledgement (ACK), for that particular piece of information.

If information sent from one computer to another was lost, the information would be retransmitted, after the loss was detected by a timeout, which would recognize that the expected acknowledgement had not been received.

In 1973, a transatlantic satellite link connected the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) to the ARPANET, making Norway the first country outside the US to be connected to the network. At about the same time a terrestrial circuit added a London IMP.[48] This connectivity later evolved into the SATNET.

In those days, there was different information on different computers, but you had to log on to different computers to get at it. Also, sometimes you had to learn a different program on each computer

English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.

He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland.

Tim also wrote the first web page editor/browser (“WorldWideWeb.app”) and the first web server (“httpd“). By the end of 1990, the first web page was served on the open internet, and in 1991, people outside of CERN were invited to join this new web community.

The browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and then to the general public in August 1991.

By October of 1990, Tim had written the three fundamental technologies that remain the foundation of today’s web (and which you may have seen appear on parts of your web browser):

  • HTML: HyperText Markup Language. The markup (formatting) language for the web.
  • URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the web. It is also commonly called a URL.
  • HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from across the web.

As the web began to grow, Tim realised that its true potential would only be unleashed if anyone, anywhere could use it without paying a fee or having to ask for permission.

He explains: “Had the technology been proprietary, and in my total control, it would probably not have taken off. You can’t propose that something be a universal space and at the same time keep control of it.”

So, Tim and others advocated to ensure that CERN would agree to make the underlying code available on a royalty-free basis, forever. This decision was announced in April 1993, and sparked a global wave of creativity, collaboration and innovation never seen before. In 2003, the companies developing new web standards committed to a Royalty Free Policy for their work.

Most developers of early mainframes and minicomputers developed similar, but generally incompatible, mail applications.

In the early 1980s, networked personal computers became increasingly popular in organisations.

They ran the organisation’s email -  cc:Mail, LANtastic, WordPerfect Office, Microsoft Mail, Banyan VINES, Lotus Notes.

These systems could only talk to each other so long as organisations had the same product.

In 1971 Ray Tomlinson invented and developed electronic mail, as we know it today, by creating ARPANET’s networked email system.

World-wide email standards of SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), POP3 and IMAP.

◦Initiated the use of the "@" sign to separate the names of the user and the user's machine – username@host.domain – indicating a destination for a message.

By 1976 75% of all ARPANET traffic was electronic mail.

For many new internet users, electronic mail was the first practical application of this exciting new medium.

Now, over 2.6 billion active users and over 4.6 billion email accounts in operation, email is the most important and widely used communications medium on the internet.

Email has become an indispensable part of daily business activities in nearly all aspects of commerce. The massive breadth of populations using email regularly can be attributed, in large part, to it’s accessibility and general usefulness.

1991 Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser Nexus.

1993 NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) released Mosaic - the web browser that popularized the WWW and the Internet.

Primarily developed by Marc Andreessen.

Its intuitive interface, reliability, Microsoft Windows port and simple installation all contributed to its popularity.

Mosaic was also the first browser to display images inline with text instead of displaying images in a separate window.

The first graphical web browser.

By October 1994, Mosaic was "well on its way to becoming the world's standard interface.“

Marc Andreessen left NCSA and co-founded the Mosaic Communications Corporation and created a new web browser named Mosaic Netscape – later Netscape.

There are two ages of the Internet—before Mosaic, and after. The combination of Tim Berners-Lee's Web protocols, which provided connectivity, and Marc Andreesen's browser, which provided a great interface, proved explosive. In 24 months, the Web has gone from being unknown to absolutely ubiquitous.

By 1995, helped by the fact that Netscape was free for non-commercial use, the browser dominated the emerging World Wide Web.

In 1995, Netscape faced new competition from Microsoft's Internet Explorer 1.0 released as part of the Microsoft Windows 95 Plus, but continued to dominate the market.

Internet Explorer 2.0 was released as a free download three months later.

Unlike Netscape, it was available to all Windows users free of charge, this also applying to commercial companies.

Netscape and competitor products were bundled with other applications to full Internet suites.

New versions of Internet Explorer and Netsccape were released at a rapid pace over the following few years.

Internet Explorer began to approach feature parity with Netscape with version 3.0 (1996), which offered scripting support and the market's first commercial Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) implementation.

Internet Explorer 4 changed the tides of the browser wars. It was integrated into Microsoft Windows, which gave it a large installation base.

Microsoft had strong advantages in the browser wars – resources, the default desktop operating system Windows.

Jim Barksdale, President and CEO of Netscape Communications: "Very few times in warfare have smaller forces overtaken bigger forces..."

In 1995 Netscape, the company, was acquired by America Online for US$4.2 billion.

Internet Explorer became the new dominant browser, attaining a peak of about 96% of the web browser usage share during 2002.

The first browser war ended with Internet Explorer having no remaining serious competition for its market share. This also brought an end to the rapid innovation in web browsers.

After Mosaic in 1993, there was explosive growth in use of the internet.

Between 1990 and 1997, households in the USA owning computers increased from 15% to 35% as computer ownership progressed from a luxury to a necessity.

A shift to the Information Age, an economy based on information technology, and many new companies were founded.

Netscape went public in 1995, and was extremely successful.

stock closed at $58.25, giving the company a value of $2.9 billion.

In 1996, Yahoo! made one of Nasdaq's most successful ever IPOs.

Along with a number of other successful IPOs, this generated high interest in investing in internet companies.

Then investors were eager to invest, at any valuation, in any dot-com company.

Investment banks, which profited significantly from initial public offerings (IPO), fueled speculation and encouraged investment in technology.

Many investors were willing to overlook traditional metrics, such as the price–earnings ratio, and base confidence on technological advancements, leading to a stock market bubble.

Between 1995 and 2000, the Nasdaq Composite stock market index rose 400%, reaching a price–earnings ratio of 200.

In 1999, shares of Qualcomm rose in value by 2,619%, 12 other large-cap stocks each rose over 1,000% value, and seven additional large-cap stocks each rose over 900% in value.

Investors sold stocks in slower growing companies to invest in Internet stocks.

People quit their jobs to engage in full-time day trading.

Dot-com companies could raise a substantial amount of money even if they had never made a profit or realized any material revenue.

People who received employee stock options became instant paper millionaires when their companies executed IPOs.

Most dot-com companies incurred net operating losses as they spent heavily on advertising and promotions to harness network effects to build market share or mind share as fast as possible, using the mottos "get big fast" and "get large or get lost.“

These companies offered their services or products for free or at a discount with the expectation that they could build enough brand awareness to charge profitable rates for their services in the future.

In January 2000, there were 16 dot-com commercials during Super Bowl XXXIV, each costing $2 million for a 30-second spot.

The "growth over profits" mentality and the aura of "new economy" invincibility led some companies to engage in lavish spending on elaborate business facilities and luxury vacations for employees.

Later in 2000 the Fed announced plans to aggressively raise interest rates, which led to significant stock market volatility as analysts disagreed as to whether or not technology companies would be affected by higher borrowing costs.

Also in 2000 Microsoft lost their case on monopolisation, leading to a one-day 15% decline in the value of their shares.

In April 2000, the Nasdaq fell 25% in a week.

By the end of 2000 most internet stocks had declined in value by 75% from their highs, wiping out $1.755 trillion in value.

By the end of 2002, stocks had lost $5 trillion in market capitalization since the peak with the NASDAQ-100 down 78% from its peak.

Many of the companies who had IPOs went out of business.

 

 
Next Club Meeting:
 
Thursday 17 October 7am for 7.30am start at
 
Gusti Restaurant
Crowne Plaza
54 Terrace Road, 
Perth
Parking in the Street

 
Meeting cost is
$15 continental and $20 full breakfast
 
Speakers
Oct 17, 2019
Population Trends
Oct 24, 2019
UNWA
Oct 31, 2019
Project in Uganda
View entire list











 

Economic and Community Development Month
 
The Rotary Foundation enables Rotarians to invest in people by creating sustainable, measurable and long term economic improvements in their communities and livelihoods by :
 
  1. Building the capacity of entrepreneurs, community leaders, local organizations, and community networks to support economic development in impoverished communities;
  2. Developing opportunities for productive work;
  3. Reducing poverty in under-served communities;
  4. Supporting studies for career-minded professionals related to economic and community development.
 
24 October — World Polio Day
 
 
On World Polio Day, thousands of Rotary clubs around the world will hold events and fundraisers to recognize our progress in the global fight to end polio.
 
We’re closer than ever to eradicating polio but we’re not done yet. We still need funds to continue immunizations and surveillance efforts. Your gift will get us closer to the finish line.
 
Source:
Meeting Responsibilities
Roster for 17 October 2019
 
Set up / Pack away
Fletcher, Rick
 
Registration
Pierazzoli, Claudia
 
Roster for 24 October 2019
 
Set up / Pack away
McCappin, Chris
 
Registration
Fletcher, Debbie
 
Roster for 31 October 2019
 
Set up / Pack away
Mullin, Ken
 
Registration
Hickey, Glenda
 
Registration for 3 November 2019
 
Set up / Pack away
Nolan, Richard
 
Registration
Hunter, Greg
 
Birthdays & Anniversaries
Member Birthdays
Jim Crossland
October 28
 
Don Burnside
November 20
 
Spouse Birthdays
Bev Burnside
November 12
 
Join Date
Greg Hunter
October 6, 2005
14 years
 
Rod Slater
November 24, 2006
13 years
 

The Rotary in Western Australia 48th Ladies Seminar and Luncheon's organising group has chosen the theme Connecting The World

This is in line with the Rotary International's theme for 2019-20 Rotary Connects the World. We want to connect all attending with inspiring speakers, great ideas, Rotary projects and amazing people.

 

Fatima and Jeninna Guest Speakers at this 48th Ladies Seminar

 

Fatima and Jeninna speaking of their experience as internation NYSF students who were sponsored by the Rotary Club of Heirisson. Both were Girraweehen Senior High School Students. 

The Rotary Club of Heirisson will be sponsoring Fatima and Jeninna at Ladies Event.

Archived Photo by Doug Worthington.

All of the coming events – fund-raising, promotional and social – that are coming up in the next two months.  Can you please list these events in your diaries.

Kimberley Dental Team 10th Anniversary Sundowner - Royal Perth Yacht Club, 6.00pm-8.00pm, Friday 18th October – All welcome, but please RSVP to the KDT (See details about the KDT is http://www.kimberleydentalteam.com/)
 
Girrawheen Senior High School Arts Exhibition, Friday 18th October –further details to be advised.
 
The Giant Garage Sale, at Don and Bev Burnside 29 Woodsome St Mt Lawley (NOTE THE CHNAGE OF LOCATION), Saturday 19 and Sunday 20 October  (see https://www.garagesaletrail.com.au/). 
Bring along your items for sale!  More details to come.
 
St Andrews Open Day - Rotary promotion stall and Snakes & Ladders. Saturday 19th October – Wellington Square, subject to confirmation, with more details to follow (see events in https://unitingchurchwa.
org.au/media-events/events/
).
 
National Youth Science Forum (NYSF) Orientation Day - Sunday 20th October.  Location to be advised.  All welcome.  For details on NYSF, see https://www.nysf.edu.au/
 
Sausage Sizzle, Chem Centre Open Day, 9.00 am to 3.00 pm, Saturday 26 October.  Details about the open day can be found here http://www.chemcentre.wa.
gov.au/Education-and-Outreach/Open-Day
.  We will be needing volunteers to help sell up to 1800 sausages in buns, and raise about $1,800 for our charity account.  More details to come.
 
Strategic Planning, Workshop 2, Crowne Plaza Hotel, 6.30 pm, Monday 4 November.  The workshop will commence at 7.00 pm sharp and conclude at 9.00 pm.  
 
Melbourne Cup Lunch, 11.00 am, Tuesday 5 November.  Depending on the level of interest, we will organise a lunch event for ‘the race that stops the nation’.  More details to come.
 
Robin Arndt Testimonial luncheon, Sunday 17 November – to celebrate Robin’s 50 years in Rotary!  This is a provisional booking, depending on the availability of caterers.  However, please pencil this in for now, with more details to follow.
 
 Foodbank Packing, Foodbank, 8.00 am to 12.00 pm, 25 November.  The Foodbank warehouse is located at Perth Airport (see https://www.foodbank.org.au/?state=wa).  We need to be there early, to enable us to pack about 1,250 hampers, operating along an assembly line.  It is an enjoyable morning.  One requirement – participants need to be wearing closed shoes. 

Strategic Plan Workshops

An update on proposed workshops to develop a new strategic plan that has good buy-in from all members, especially those who are relatively new to the club.  At the Club Services meeting last night, this was identified as a priority activity. 
 
Ken and I met with Jennifer Duffecy this morning who we have asked to facilitate our strategic planning process.  Jennifer is an experienced strategic planner and as a friend of mine, will run the process pro bono.
 
The suggestion is to have two workshops – one to deal with the high level principles, and identification of priorities, followed by a second one to refine that material and deal with detail.
 
Proposed dates are –
 
Workshop 2 – Monday 4 November.
 
Can you please put those date in your diary. 
 
Don Burnside
Club Services, Heirisson Rotary Club
 

Rotary Basics

The Rotary Foundation

In 1917, Rotary President Arch Klumph announced his idea for an endowment fund dedicated to “doing good in the world.” With this short statement, Klumph inspired the establishment of The Rotary Foundation.
 
Today, The Rotary Foundation helps clubs and districts work together to perform meaningful, sustainable service. Our top-rated, award-winning Foundation has spent more than $3.7 billion on life-changing, sustainable projects that help people in need around the world get clean water, medical care, literacy classes, and other essentials.
 
Our members’ and others’ contributions to the Foundation allow us to bring sustainable change to communities in need. Ask your club’s Rotary Foundation committee chair or visit rotary.org/donate to learn how you can support our Foundation. To learn more, download The Rotary Foundation Reference Guide or take the Rotary Foundation Basics course in Rotary’s Learning Center.
 
ERADICATING POLIO WORLDWIDE.
 
 
DID YOU KNOW?
 
Rotary International began its fight against polio in 1979 with a multiyear immunization project in the Philippines.
 
One benefit of being a Rotarian is that you can take pride in being part of an organization that truly makes a difference in the world.
 
Since 1985, Rotarians have served as community-based mobilizers for polio eradication, motivating international groups, governments, private organizations, communities, and individuals to join the global effort to rid the world of polio.
 
Rotary works with partners in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), including the World Health Organization (WHO), the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the governments of the world to achieve this historic public health goal.
 
As part of the effort, Rotarians contribute their time and money to the cause, raising funds, advocating for government support, serving as volunteers to help immunize children, and raising awareness in their communities.
 
Rotary’s contributions to the global polio eradication effort now exceed $1.6 billion, including matching funds from the Gates Foundation.
 
Hundreds of thousands of volunteers have supported National Immunization Days. Since 1988, more than 2 billion children have received oral polio vaccine, and we’ve achieved a 99.9 percent reduction in polio cases.
 
It may be considered the greatest humanitarian service the world has ever seen, and every Rotarian can take pride in the achievement.
 
To learn how you can support Rotary’s efforts to eradicate polio, visit endpolio.org.
 

“I am from a generation who has witnessed the devastating effects of polio. When I discovered how close we were to eradicating polio, I was very motivated to be a part of this movement. It is so rare when you can accomplish something so spectacular.

Angelique Kidjo, singer-songwriter

“The world’s progress in fighting polio might be one of the best-kept secrets in global health.”

Bill Gates, Co-Founder and Co-Chair, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

ROTARY GRANTS

The Rotary Foundation offers grants that support humanitarian projects, scholarships, and vocational training teams. Global grants support large international projects with long-term, sustainable outcomes in one or more of Rotary’s areas of focus.
 
They typically range from $30,000 to $200,000. District grants fund smallerscale, short-term projects that address immediate needs in your community or abroad. Clubs can leverage Rotary Foundation grants with DDF and SHARE funds to maximize projects’ impact.
 
To learn more, talk to your club or district Rotary Foundation committee chair or visit rotary.org/grants.
 

ROTARY PEACE CENTERS

The Rotary Peace Centers at seven leading universities around the world offer advanced educational opportunities for Rotary Peace Fellows, professionals who wish to pursue or advance a career in peacebuilding and conflict resolution.

Each year, up to 100 fellows are selected from around the world to begin either a master’s degree or a certificate program in conflict resolution, peace studies, or international relations.

Rotary districts may nominate as many candidates as they wish for the competitive selection process every year.

Rotary Peace Fellows have gone on to serve as leaders in government, nongovernmental organizations, the military, law enforcement, education, humanitarian action, restorative justice, and international agencies such as the United Nations.

ROTARY IMAGE

A positive public image of Rotary enhances our ability to do good in the world. As a Rotarian, your words and actions represent Rotary, and joining Rotary means committing to live by Rotary’s values.
 
Each of us also has the ability to improve the public’s understanding of Rotary by telling the Rotary story and why we’re proud to be a part of it.
 
By telling our stories, we make sure Rotary is recognized for the good work we do. As a member, you can propose new members to your club. Talk to your club leaders to learn how.
 

ROTARY.ORG

Rotary’s official website, Rotary.org, offers information about membership, scholarships, Rotary events, online giving opportunities, the latest Rotary news, and stories of Rotary service and other activities all over the globe.
 
When you register for an account, you gain access to a variety of resources:
 
Brand Center — Find messaging and visual guidelines along with customizable materials you can use to promote your club, projects, and programs.
 
Discussion Groups — Exchange ideas with members of theRotary family from around the world on hundreds of topics.
 
Grant Center — Apply for and manage your club’s grants.
 
Learning Center — Find online courses about Rotary and professional development topics.
 
Rotary Club Central — See your club’s profile and goals.
 
Rotary Global Rewards — Explore our member benefits program to get discounts on travel, hotels, dining, and entertainment.
 
Rotary Ideas — Find funds, partners, materials, and volunteers for service projects.
 
Rotary Showcase — Post your finished projects and browse others’ projects to get new ideas for your next one With an account on Rotary.org, you can also register for international events and network with other professionals.
 
To learn how to create an account, download How to Create a My Rotary Account.
 
Source: RotaryBasics_2011_595en.pdf
 

Footrot Cartoons
by Murray Ball

ClubRunner Mobile
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Community (Homelessness) Every 1st Wednesday 21 Wittenoom St., East Perth 6pm